摘要 

脂類誘導的蛋白質節約效應能夠為生長保留蛋白質資源，同時降低飼料成本并減少環境中的氮排泄。在一項為期90天的實驗中，評估了脂類對低眼無齒??生長性能、營養成分、氨基酸組成、血液生化指標、消化酶活性及抗氧化狀態的蛋白質節約效應。研究人員配制了四種等能(3223.26 kcal/kg)但蛋白質(P)和脂類(L)含量不同的實驗飼料：D1(P39/L10，對照組)、D2 (P35/L12)、D3(P31/L15)和D4(P27/L18)。將240尾適應性馴化的魚苗(初始體重12.75±0.2g)隨機分配至四個飼料處理組(每缸20尾，設三個重復)，每天飽食投喂兩次。結果表明：當飼料蛋白質從39%降至35%，同時脂類從10%增至12%時，魚體仍能保持最佳生長狀態，顯示出明顯的蛋白質節約效應。然而，當蛋白質進一步降至31-27%(脂類增至15-18%)時，則導致生長性能下降并增加生物學指數。魚體和肌肉蛋白質含量在39-35%蛋白質水平間保持穩定，但隨著蛋白質進一步降低而減少，而體脂含量則相應增加。必需氨基酸(賴氨酸、蛋氨酸、異亮氨酸)、抗氧化狀態、肝臟酶活性、血漿代謝物(葡萄糖、膽固醇、甘油三酯)及蛋白酶活性在39-35%蛋白質范圍內表現穩定，但超過此范圍后均出現下降；而脂肪酶活性和丙二醛含量則呈現相反趨勢。腸道形態(絨毛高度與寬度、肌層厚度)在39-35%蛋白質水平下未受影響，但隨蛋白質進一步降低而退化。

這些結果明確證實：當低眼無齒??飼料中脂類從10%增至12%且蛋白質從39%降至35%時，脂類能夠有效發揮蛋白質節約作用。

Abstract

Lipid-induced protein sparing conserves protein for growth, reducing feed costs and nitrogenous waste in the environment. In a 90-day experiment, the protein-sparing effects of lipids on the growth, nutrient content, amino acid profile, hematobiochemical parameters, digestive enzymes, and antioxidant status of Pangasianodon hypophthalmus were evaluated. Four isoenergetic diets (3223.26 kcal/kg) with varying protein (P) and lipid (L) contents were formulated: D1 (P39/L10, control), D2 (P35/L12), D3 (P31/L15), and D4 (P27/L18). Acclimatized fingerlings (N?=?240; initial weight, 12.75?±?0.2 g) were randomly allocated to four dietary treatment groups (20 fish/aquarium) in triplicate and fed to satiation twice daily. Reducing dietary protein from 39 to 35% with increasing lipids from 10 to 12% maintained optimal growth, indicating a protein-sparing effect. However, further reductions (31-27% protein) in lipids (15-18%) impaired growth and increased biological indices. The body and muscle protein contents remained stable between 39 and 35% protein but declined with increasing reduction, whereas the lipid content increased. Essential amino acids (lysine, methionine, isoleucine), antioxidant status, hepatic enzymes, plasma metabolites (glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides), and protease were stable at 39 to 35% protein but decreased beyond that point, whereas the lipase and malondialdehyde contents showed opposite trends. Intestinal morphology (villus height and width, muscle thickness) was unaffected by39to35% protein but was reduced with further protein reduction. These findings highlight the protein-sparing effect of lipids in P. hypophthalmus when lipids increase from 10to12%and when proteins decrease from 39to35%.

翻譯：張璐(黃海水產研究所營養飼料團隊)

轉載自：胖鲀先生；胖鲀文獻速覽：8月第一周(英文文獻-B篇)

原文：Khadim, Sadaf, et al. "Protein sparing by dietary lipids in the diets of Pangasianodon hypophthalmus: an appraisal of growth, body composition, digestive enzymes, and metabolic responses." Fish Physiology and Biochemistry 51.4 (2025): 134.

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